Hello. I want to share a few thoughts
about the portrayal of characters with disabilities in middle grade novels. There's the good:
- Mary in the Little House books. While there's usually little for diversity advocates to cheer about in this series, Mary's blindness is very matter-of-fact and realistic. It affects her life and her family's lives. And it doesn't ruin them.
- Wonder by RJ Palacio. What can I say that hasn't been said already?
- Handbook for Dragon Slayers by Merrie Haskell. A MG fantasy – yes, a fantasy!-- in which a protagonist with a disability goes on a journey of discovery without encountering a miracle cure.
And then there's the not-so-good. Below are six tropes that encompass many of the portrayals of disabled characters in MG fiction. Each of them can be found in recent work as well as older books, though I'm only going to name older books.
I've given each trope a cute name even though they're not really very cute.
1. Paging Dr.
Strangelove
In these books, the
disabled character is a villain. His/her mind is as twisted as
his/her body, get it? In case you don't, sometimes it's spelled out.
Blech. In one MG book I read, there was an attempt to soften this (I
think?) by having the villain turn out to be faking his
disability. The image remains.
A venerable example of disability-conflated-with-badness is The Secret Garden (1910). When Mary arrives from
India, she's sickly and unlikable. As she becomes more physically able, she turns
into a better person. Then she arranges the same transformation for
her bedridden cousin Colin. The message is clear.
2. God Bless Us,
Every One
Like Tiny Tim in A
Christmas Carol, the disabled character in some MG books is only
there to gauge the protagonist's moral growth.
Zombie-like, though, this trope rises again in the form of the character-too-badly-injured-to-survive. He tends to show up in action, pursuit, and battle scenes. He gets one injury, and then another, and things proceed to the point where he would be disabled were he to survive. So instead he's provided with yet another injury that enables him to die heroically. Sigh. As soon as the disabling injury was delivered, you knew this character was toast.
3. Exit Little
Eva
In the 19th
century, one of the primary tasks of children in books was to die,
preferably after a long illness and some edifying moral reflections.
Although a few of these kids' books are still in print, like The Birds' Christmas Carol (1887), this one
has mostly, er, died out.
Zombie-like, though, this trope rises again in the form of the character-too-badly-injured-to-survive. He tends to show up in action, pursuit, and battle scenes. He gets one injury, and then another, and things proceed to the point where he would be disabled were he to survive. So instead he's provided with yet another injury that enables him to die heroically. Sigh. As soon as the disabling injury was delivered, you knew this character was toast.
4. It's A
Miracle!
The protagonist has
a disability, but it's cured by the end of the book, often as a
reward for something the protagonist has accomplished. While this is
essentially what happens in The Secret Garden, and appears in
rather bizarre form at the end of Johnny Tremain, it's also
very common in fantasy novels.
5. He's Blind,
But He Sees So Much More Than We Do
In these books, the character's disability is an undisguised blessing. It gives him/her powers that the abled characters can only dream of. If the protagonist in one of these books had a brain injury, it would be more likely to result in telepathy than in seizures.
In these books, the character's disability is an undisguised blessing. It gives him/her powers that the abled characters can only dream of. If the protagonist in one of these books had a brain injury, it would be more likely to result in telepathy than in seizures.
This sort of book is
satirized in the play Butterflies Are Free as "Little
Donny Dark". In the Little Donny Dark books written by
the protagonist's mother, the blind boy has no trouble flying a
plane, because his other senses are so highly developed.
6. You'll Find My Disability on Page 16
6. You'll Find My Disability on Page 16
These are books in which the protagonist has a disability which does not affect his/her life in any way. It might be a
disability that, in real life, would take some serious managing (new skills to learn, trips to specialists, hospital stays, etc). The book, however, will mention the disability only once. Neither the protagonist nor the reader ever has to think about it again.
Oh dear. I hope my rant hasn't scared writers off from including
disabled characters in their MG novels. Because we need more,
not fewer. We need fully developed, complex characters whose disability is one aspect of their lives, one that matters but doesn't mean there's less for us to know and find out about the character. In a future post, I'll
talk about some approaches for writers.
